Twenty-seven European nations currently belong to the European Union, a loosely-woven partnership designed to empower Europe’s competitiveness with the United States, China, and India. Sixteen of the EU’s member nations have adopted the euro as their official currency, and five other European states unofficially use the euro.

As continental Europe forged its economic partnership, leaders hoped adoption of a single currency would protect the member states against radical fluctuations in the value of their national currencies and would serve to protect their national credit ratings. In the EU’s brief history, the euro has fulfilled members’ hopes. Recently, however, precipitous declines in several member states’ economies have triggered sharp drops in the euro’s value and raised new doubts about the long-term advantage of an international currency.

In theory, the use of a uniform currency facilitates the flow of goods and services across international boundaries, sustaining the Eurozone as the world’s second largest economy. Just as importantly, robust economies in the EU’s member states maintain the value of currencies tied to the euro-especially in emerging African nations.

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